📚 Java OOP Fundamentals: Classes, Objects, Inheritance, and More
Understanding Java's object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts is essential for writing clean, reusable, and maintainable code. This post explores classes, objects, OOP principles, functional programming concepts, and key Java features. 1. 🧩 OOP vs Functional Programming OOP: mutable objects, classes, state stored in objects. Functional: immutable, functions as first-class citizens, easy parallelization, fewer bugs. 2. 📦 Classes & Objects Classes are templates for creating objects with fields, methods, and constructors. Objects are instances of classes. 2.1 💡 Java: Pass by Value Java is always pass-by-value . This means: Primitive types: The actual value is copied and stored on the stack. Changes inside a method do not affect the original variable. Non-primitive types (Objects): The reference to the object is copied (stored on the stack), pointing to the object in the heap. Changes to the object's state affect the original object, but reass...